Does the Rh Factor Induce Neurological Complications When Humans Are Infected with COVID-19?

Professional researchers should consider T-cell responses, not just antibodies, for effective control of COVID-19 propagation. There have not been sufficient studies of the rhesus (Rh)-reactive with T cells to control COVID-19 propagation, especially when several patients with COVID-19 suffer from different neurological symptoms such as anosmia, dysgeusia, and strokes. Some initial factors of neurologic diseases in patients with COVID-19 can emerge through immune activation and inflammation within the central nervous system. Formation of autoantibody, altered glycosylation, enzymatic instability, and the induction of the host furin protease as a receptor can cause a higher COVID-19 propagation. Rh blood group can lead to a high or low incidence of COVID-19. Studying the effects of Rh factor on T-cell responses for COVID-19 infection related to inducing neurological conditions was the objective of this study. The speed of viral replication during COVID-19 infection is due to reduced induction of CD8+ T cells in blood type AB followed by B and then A than in blood type O. The Rh factor does not have a primary role in blood group O when infected with COVID-19. Blood type AB+, followed by B+, then A+ are assumed to have a higher risk of COVID-19 infection with the occurrence of possible neurological complications. Copyright © 2022, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.

Social media usage and acceptance in higher education: A structural equation model

The adoption and use of social media as an educational technology in higher education has been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, this study applied the unified theory of usage and acceptance of technology theory and the technology acceptance model as predictors of behavioral intention to use social media and actual social media use. These, as posited by the model, affect the performance impact of social media usage. This study involved a quantitative survey with 312 undergraduate university students in Malaysia. Using structural equation modeling, this study identified that unified theory of usage and acceptance of technology theory and the technology acceptance model influence behavioral intentions to use and actual use of social media, resulting in an improved performance impact. That is, when students see the value in particular technologies, feel their performance (e.g., passing their studies) will be improved by using that technology, offers behavioral nudges toward adoption and use. Copyright © 2022 Al-Rahmi, Shamsuddin, Wahab, Al-Rahmi, Alismaiel and Crawford.

Pulmonary Phospholipid Components as Promising Natural Inhibitors against COVID-19 Mpro;Molecular Docking Analysis Based Study

The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2 has become a global crisis. Phospholipids are structural components of mammalian cell membranes that suppress viral attachment to the plasma membrane and subsequent replication in lung cells. Using the molecular docking approach, the inhibitory activity of phosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidyl-inositol, lysobisphosphatidic acid and sphingomyelin against SARS CoV-2 by targeting main protease (Mpro, PDB code: 6LU7) has been investigated. All phospholipids established excellent binding to Mpro active bocket by forming several H-bonds with the catalytic amino acids Cys145 and His4, as well as various amino acids involved in the bocket. Furthermore, a potent binding affinity is increased from -7.01 to -9.16 kcal/mol compared to compound N3 (N-[(5methylisoxazol-3-yl)carbonyl]alanyl-L (where L = valyl-N-1-(1R,2Z)-4-(benzyloxy)-4-oxo-1-{[(3R)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl}but-2-enyl)-L-leucinamide), a peptide linker, inhibitor for Covid-19 main protease. Co-crystalline ligand of enzyme 6LU7 of -9.99 kcal/mol. The sphingomyelin has the same binding affinity to main protease when compared to compound N3. These findings implied that the selected compounds have the potential to be developed as novel SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. Therefore, improved, well-designed, potent and structurally and pharmacokinetically effective drugs are urgently needed. Further investigations should focus on validating and finalizing effective drugs for COVID-19 beyond preliminary in silico and in vivo screening. © 2022 Chemical Publishing Co.. All rights reserved.